Rare wooden artifacts show the smarts of early Neanderthals.

Complex tools from 300,000-year-old deposit at Schöningen in Germany point to a "wood age".

In Europe, an early, cold dawn for modern humans.

Moderns made mysterious ice age artifacts-implying overlap with Neanderthals.

Ancient DNA ties modern diseases to ancestry.

Among Europeans, risk of multiple sclerosis rises with genes from Bronze Age Yamnaya herders.

Oldest forts challenge views of hunter-gatherers.

8000 years ago-long before farming arrived-people in Siberia built defensive structures.

A Narrative Literature Review of the Established Safety of Human Serum Albumin Use as a Stabilizer in Aesthetic Botulinum Toxin Formulations Compared to Alternatives.

Despite more than 80 years of use in a number of conditions, including in critically ill patients, comments have recently arisen regarding the safety and efficacy of human serum albumin (HSA) as a therapeutic product and stabilizer/excipient in botulinum neurotoxins. This review summarizes the literature on the safety of HSA. Beyond decades of safe use, the largest clinical dataset of HSA safety is a large meta-analysis of HSA supplier data, which found only an extremely remote risk of serious adverse events across millions of doses of therapeutic concentrations of HSA. There is a paucity of literature identifying HSA-specific adverse events when used as a stabilizer/excipient; however, studies of HSA-containing botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) suggest that adverse events are not related to HSA. Polysorbates, which are synthetically produced and not physiologically inert, are contained in pending or new-to-market BoNT formulations. In contrast to HSA, evidence exists to suggest that polysorbates (particularly PS20/PS80) can cause serious adverse events (e.g., hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, and immunogenicity).

Family ties.

Giant family trees based on ancient DNA from thousands of people are revealing prehistoric politics and social structure.

Forging connections.

DNA from enslaved Black workers at a 19th century iron forge links them to living descendants. But the research swirls with ethical questions.

Horse nations.

After the Spanish conquest, horses transformed Native American tribes much earlier than historians thought.

'Persian princes' helped found early African trade power.

Ancient DNA reflects foreign influx to Swahili coast, but its culture is largely local.

Ancient DNA upends European prehistory.

Genes reveal striking diversity within similar ice age cultures.

Pot residues show how ancient Egyptians made a mummy.

Analysis reveals the chemicals applied to corpses in a 2700-year-old mummification workshop.

Neanderthals lived in groups big enough to eat giant elephants.

Meat from the butchered beasts would have fed hundreds.

Meeting the ancestors.

DNA from a medieval German cemetery opens a window on the history of today's largest Jewish population.

Iceman's preservation was not a freak event.

Body's survival without lucky accidents of climate suggests more ice mummies await.

Ancient DNA pioneer Svante Pääbo wins Nobel.

By sequencing ancient hominins' DNA, Pääbo explored "what makes us uniquely human".

How the Anglo-Saxons settled England.

Genetic study of burials suggests whole families migrated to the island in the first millennium C.E.

Ancient DNA from the Near East probes a cradle of civilization.

Studies seek clues to origins of farming, early languages.

Ukrainian bat study spun into tale of bioweapons.

Russian disinformation campaign targets routine research on bat parasites.

Ukrainians rush to save 'irreplaceable' collections.

Researchers hide ancient weapons and bat skulls, upload data as bombs fall.

Archaeologist reinstated as Max Planck director.

After allegations of bullying, Nicole Boivin returns to supervisory role.